Present perfect

Present perfect:

  The use:
            It used with finished activities or an action happened at unspecified time before now.  The exact time isn't important.
 
   The form:
             (I/plural) + Have + P.P (past participle).
✓ I have just met Ahmed.
             ( Singular) + Has + P.P.
✓ Alice has already studied chapter one.

   Negative form:
             (I / plural) + Haven't + P.P.
✓ I haven't eaten yet.
             ( Singular) + Hasn't + P.P.
✓ It hasn't rained lately.

  Question form:
             Have + (I/ Plural) + P.P?
✓ Have you ever seen a ghost?
             Has + (Singular) + P.P?
✓ Has he found a new job yet?

   Time adverbials:
             √ Already. √ Yet.  √ Ever.   √ Never.
             √ How long.  √ So far.  √ Just.
             √ Since.   √ at last.  √ Recently.
             √ Lately.   √ Still.  √ For long time...

    EXEMPLES:
       • She has gone.
       • I have lost my keys.
       • Alice has already made the tea.
       • I have broken tow cups since the morning.

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Hope and wish

HOPE:

Is used to speak about something possibleoor likely to happen.

Examples:

   ▪ I hope my father gives me some money.
   ▪ I hope my teacher explains the lesson well.
   ▪  He hope his dad forgive him.
>Hope for present time.
   ▪ I hope he listened to my advice .
   ▪ I hope he found the restaurant.
   ▪ I hope John  passed his test .
>hope for past .

WISH:

is used to speak about something impossible or something we would like to be different than the way it is. 

We do know the facts and they are the opposite  of what we want . 

Examples:

   ▪ I  wish I ate more vegetable.
   ▪ I  wish every body were happy.
>Wish + Simple past .
   ▪ I  wish my teacher would give me 20/20.
   ▪ I wish my friend would stay with me forever .
>Wish + Would ...
   ▪ Sam wishes he had learned to drive early.
   ▪ I wish I had studied for the exam.
>Wish + Past perfect.

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Present continuous tense

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE:

1.   The use:
    ● a/ to express an action that is going on at the time of speaking.

 I am writing a letter.
She is studying.
           ● b/ As substitute for the immediate future.
She is leaving this place tomorrow.
My father is coming back this Friday.
           ● c/ Used with today, this week, this year, tonight, now , right now, at the moment...
He is working hard today.
The company I work for isn't doing so well this year.

1.  Difference between present simple & Present continuous tense.
   ● simple present is used for things in general or things that happen regularly.

 I surf the net every evening.
I always go to school.

          ● simple present is used for permanent situations.
He lives in New York.
    
           ● Present continuous is used for things happening at or around time of speaking. 
I am getting hungry let's go and eat.

            ● Present continuous is used for temporary situations . 
I am staying at my cousin's house this day, until I find a place of my own.  

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